Albert Einstein

From life to laboratory: an informational document about the world’s greatest scientist;

By Gabe

Hello! I am researching Albert Einstein, the world’s greatest scientist. Today we will be talking about his discoveries, fame, and life.

It all started on March 14th, 1879; the day Albert Einstein was born. Einstein was born in Ulm, a town in Germany. He died at age 76. Einstein’s last words were spoken in German to a nurse who did not understand the language and thus are shrouded in mystery.1

Aside from that, I would like to point out that Einstein was in the “e” section in world book.2 He was also on Wikipedia.1 He was so famous that his brain was preserved by doctors.3

“Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new” -Albert Einstein3

Einstein’s inventions and creations are Avogadro's Number, Brownian movement, Quantum theory of light, General theory of relativity, Special theory of relativity, The Photoelectric effect, Wave-Particle duality, the relationship between mass and energy Bose-Einstein condensate, and many, many, many more.4

I am a major fan of what Albert Einstein did. I hope you are too, because if you want to research more about him, here are the sources I used:

Wikipedia1

World Book: “e”2

“Wait! What? Albert Einstein was a dope?” by Dan Gutman3

Byjus.com/physics/albert-einstein4

Charles Darwin

by Charles Darwin

Charles Darwin he is an interesting guy first of he made the theory of Evolution and his taste of exotic food let's talk about it so Charles Darwin Known for his adventurous spirit, he was a fan of exotic food, including armadillos, iguanas, pumas and giant tortoises, he famously declared a 20 pound rodent to be ‘the best meat I ever tasted’ he was a member of the ‘Glutton club’. and his theory he was famous for his theory of evolution by natural selection, which revolutionized our understanding of the natural world and is the foundation of modern evolutionary Biology.

So, he had a lot of kids like 10 kids sadly his first Daughter died he was devastated by her death by tuberculosis ate age 10, his second daughter Mary lived for only 23 days, the Darwin's last child Charles waring born when Emma was 48 years old, was a down syndrome baby who died of scarlet fever at 18 months old.

He was born in shrew bury, England his father, a doctor, had high hopes that his son would earn a medical degree at Elinburg university in Scotland. Charles Darwin, known for this theory of evolution, grew his beard at age 56, possibly as a deliberate effort to disguise himself. Charles Darwin dropped out of med school at the University of Edinburgh because he was deeply uncomfortable with the brutality of surgery and the sight of blood, as well as feeling little interest in medical practice.

He was religious and had some views evolved over time, starting with belief in God as first cause. His last words were ‘I am not the least afraid of death remember me tell all of my children to remember how good they have been good to me,’ last sentence, he also sadly died in 1882 at age 73 with symptom of ischæmic and cardiac failure, Although less, he still had episodic nausea and vomiting,

Charles Darwin's visit to the Galapagos Island in 1835 while on HMS profoundly influenced his development of the theory of evolution by natural selection. I hope you like it thank you to the people on the internet.

Bill Nye

by: Bridger

Hi I'm going to tell you about Bill nye the science guy where he went to school, what he was known for, and what did he invented.

Bill nye went to school at Cornell university and that is in Ithaca NY. Bill nye the science guy went to elementary school at Lafayette Elementary school, and it is at Sanfra Sisco, and he went to middle school at Alice deal middle school and that is at Washing DC. Bill was known for his discontinued PBS children's science show. He was known for his hydraulic press and ballet pointed shoes. “Bill nye the science guy” and for his continued advocacy for science education and popular science.

Bill Nye the science guy, invented the hydraulic press and ballet pointed shoes. Thank you for listing to me talk about Bill nye the science guy, where he went to school, what he was known for, and what he invented. sources

1.wickipedia

2. Bill Nye book

3. Bill Nye document.

The Life of Hedy Lamarr

By Kimberly

We will now talk about Hedy Lamarr a Hollywood actress and the invent of her co-inventions of a frequency-hopping technology that forms the basis for modern wireless communication technology like Wi-Fi, GPS, Bluetooth. Let's see what she was like when she was a kid, her as an adult, and what did she do?

First When she was a kid-kid life, she pulled apart a clock and repaired it. When was she born and when did she die? November 9, 1914, in Vergina Astria and she died January 19, 2000, at the age of 85 years old in Cassle berry Florida. Now let's move on to what she did?

Next What did she do? She invented a “Secret Communication System” for WWII and so none of the enemies figured out what the message was that is sent-cool fact that she loved dogs so much she made a glow-in-the- dark collar! Now let's move on to the last topic, the average IQ for a human is 85 to155 but her IQ is 140. She struggled with personal challenges like drug addiction, anyways she married 5 times, and she had 3 kids.

Finally, THE QUOTES: “any girl can be glamorous all you have to do is stand still and look stupid” “the only thing we must fear to fear itself” I must quit marrying men who feel inferior to me. Somewhere, there must be a man who could be my husband and not feel inferior. I need a superior inferior man”. “My problem is, I'm a hell of a nice dame, The most horrible whores are famous. I did what I did for love. The others did it for money”.

In conclusion, I think she is very cool, and I am thankful for what she did. She helped us for communicating


Sources: Brave, Wikipedia, Hedy Lamarr books

https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001443/quotes/

Margaret Hamilton

By L R
You are on part of Apollo 11, the Eagle. You flip a lever telling the ship to land. Suddenly, an emergency warning turns on! red lights are flashing and there is beeping all around you. What happens next?

Margret Hamilton was born August 17, 1936, so right now she is 87. She is still alive. She has one daughter: Laura Hamilton. She has had two husbands(separately): James Cox Hamilton and Dan Lickly.

She went to two colleges: University of Michigan and Earlham College (BA).

When Margret worked for the SAGE Project, she said "What they used to do when you came into this organization as a beginner, was to assign you this program which nobody was able to ever figure out or get to run. When I was the beginner they gave it to me as well. And what had happened was it was tricky programming, and the person who wrote it took delight in the fact that all of his comments were in Greek and Latin. So I was assigned this program and I actually got it to work. It even printed out its answers in Latin and Greek. I was the first one to get it to work.”

Margret became a software engineer, which is a job and title that she made up. Software engineers build computer programs.

Margret got one award- the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Three minutes before the lunar lander reached the Moon's surface, several computer alarms were triggered. The system was designed to support seven simultaneous programs running. The eighth had been triggered. There were unexpected error codes, "never supposed to happen displays", and priority alarm displays. Margret Hamilton had prepared for just this situation years before.

“The computer (or rather the software in it) was smart enough to recognize that it was being asked to perform more tasks than it should be performing. It then sent out an alarm, which meant to the astronaut, 'I'm overloaded with more tasks than I should be doing at this time and I'm going to keep only the more important tasks'; i.e., the ones needed for landing ... Actually, the computer was programmed to do more than recognize error conditions. A complete set of recovery programs was incorporated into the software. The software's action, in this case, was to eliminate lower priority tasks and re-establish the more important ones ... If the computer hadn't recognized this problem and taken recovery action, I doubt if Apollo 11 would have been the successful moon landing it was.” -Margret Hamilton

Margret asked the ship to ignore all tasks but landing. She also designed software for the Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC). Margret’s daughter, Lauren, foretold one of the worst mistakes. While playing in Hamilton’s office when she was 4 years old, Lauren entered the code for a prelaunch program P01 while the simulator was in midflight, triggering a major error. In response, Margret suggested a line of code that would prevent that event, but it was informed by NASA that no astronaut would make such a mistake. During apollo 8, Jim Lovell accidentally wiped out the command and service module’s navigation data, creating the same situation that Lauren had made.

I think Margaret Hamilton is amazing because she did things that no man or woman has ever done before, and she was one of the main creators of the revolution of technology. She also created an entirely new job, saved people's lives, and created an insane amount of code.


Sources:

Wikipedia

Apollo To The Moon: By Teasel Muir-Harmony

Margret And The Moon: By Dean Robbins

Jane of Gombe

By: Grace

Hello everyone! Welcome to JANE OF GOMBE, hosted by myself, Jane Goodall. I will be taking all of you on a wild (life) ride: my exotic and extraordinary life! You will meet adorable chimpanzees, a particularly talented photographer, and volunteers who changed the world! (For the most part, at least.) Anyways, seatbelts, everyone! My childhood starts...NOW!! 

I had a very intriguing childhood that was based around one main thing: animals. That is what I loved. 

I was born on April 3, 1934, in London, England. When I was one and a half years old, I was gifted a chimpanzee toy that was named Jubilee, and she sparked my passion for animals (not started; the word sparked here means encouraged). 

Now, let me tell you a funny story that happened when I was 3, and very curious. My family had a chicken coop at the time, and I loved the chickens we had, so one day, I went out to the chicken coop and stayed there for a whopping 3 hours! My parents were deathly afraid that I had gone missing and searched the whole place for any sign of me, but found nothing, and eventually called the cops! 

Finally, my mother spotted an extremely excited Jane all covered in hay running toward the house. Honestly, that is probably more embarrassing than when I was a little older and brought a handful of worms into my room!   

When I was about 6, I would climb my favorite tree, and read the adventures of my heroes, such as Tarzan and Dr. Dolittle. I would dream at night of being a man adventuring in Africa. 

By the age of 22, my animal-lover dreams of African adventures came true. On that day, I was invited by a friend to Kenya, Africa. When I was in Africa, I immediately met up with Luis Leakey, a professional journalist and researcher who had been working in Africa. I became his secretary, and he sent me out on a dig to hunt for the bones of our ancestors. That was how he tested me, and I did so well that I passed the test! Luis immediately sent me word that he would try to get a loan to fund my research.  

That did not go as planned. You see, few supported my expedition, so it took a while to get a loan from anyone until the Wilkie Brothers Foundation sponsored us. By now, there was enough money, and I was thrown into the field, supplied with little more than a few small snacks, binoculars, some nice boots, and a small but thick notebook. But believe me, that is more than enough to get me going.  

It was 1960, and it was unheard of for women to do that kind of work. I even had to bring my mother with me because people thought it was unsafe for me to go alone.  

 

My Research 

I researched differently. My methods were called crazy, mostly for naming my subjects once I got to know them. (But who would name a chimpanzee no. 3? Like, why are we the only ones that get names? I mean, I guess I get it, but think about it! #3 is NOT a name! Oh, sorry, back to the point.) Also, I did not keep my distance from the chimps and was eventually accepted as a very low-ranking member of the chimpanzee community. 

The most groundbreaking discovery was with the first chimp who really let me watch him: DAVID GREYBEARD! I saw David take a leafy twig, strip it of its leaves, and gently push it into a termite mound, before removing it and calmly plucking at the bugs with his teeth. This may not seem major, but it was a major discovery because at the time, chimpanzees were thought to be vegetarian, and although bugs aren’t much, they are still meat. It was also thought that humans were the only creatures on this planet that used and made tools. But here was the first step of toolmaking: object modification.  

Many began to notice my research and National Geographic wanted to send a photographer to document my work. I (hesitantly) accepted this offer. The photographer was named Hugo van Lawick, and we quickly got to work. Oddly enough, during his photography, not only was the wildlife a subject of interest, but I was also. And then Hugo actually proposed marriage over telegram! (Which was a SHOCKING surprise, yet a pleasant one.)  

Many were interested in being employed, so we employed them! This was nice because I needed to go to Cambridge University to get a PhD in Ethnology, which is the study of cultural groups. They continued my research in my absence. After that, we went broke, went to the Serengeti to make films, and wrote books. We got married and had a child we named Hugo (nicknamed Grub).  

Then some trouble occurred. My husband Hugo was interested in staying in the Serengeti and making films, but the chimps had stolen my heart. Sadly, after almost 10 years of marriage, our road had split, and we each went our separate ways. I almost immediately married another man, and that lasted five years (because he died, oof).   

 

My Activism 

Eventually, it became clear that something was off. The natural chimpanzee habitats were disappearing, and fast. I knew I had to do something about it. This wasn’t a change I would let happen – not without a fight. So I left the chimpanzees, with their lives in mind, and began to raise awareness as far spread over the globe as I possibly could. This is why I created an organization called Roots and Shoots, which still stands today. Its main cause is getting the young people of our generation involved in the cause of protecting nature.  

This April, I turned 90. And all over the place, I'm being celebrated! As you can see, my life is pretty important in today's world. So, next time you see a chimpanzee, or any other animal, know that YOU can make a difference. YOU can make a change. Thank you all, from Jane --  Jane of Gombe. 

Sources: 

• The Chimpanzees I Love by Jane Goodall 

• “First Look at Jane,” National Geographic YouTube video, Oct. 5th, 2017 

• “Jane,” a National Geographic documentary film 

• Jane Goodall Institute Biography: https://janegoodall.org/wp-content/uploads/Janes-Bio-Extended-Length-Version.pdf 

• Wikipedia: Jane Goodall: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Goodall